Characteristics of Urban Soils and Their Conservation Measures for Landscaping Plants

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Characteristics of Urban Soils and Their Conservation Measures for Landscaping Plants

Urban soil is an indispensable part of urban ecosystem, and is the basic of urban greening. The quality of urban soil quality will directly affect the urban ecological environment and urban greening construction, and even the socio-economic and people's lives will also have an impact. Therefore, the study of the characteristics of urban soil and the development and utilization of urban soil can not only strengthen urban greening construction, but also play an important role in improving the quality of urban ecological environment and improving the quality of life of urban people.

CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN SOILS

Urban soil is a natural soil in urban development and human development under the formation of interference, and its characteristics compared with the natural soil has undergone significant changes, characterized as follows:

1.1 soil morphology and profile structure confusion

Therefore, the development level of urban soil is very chaotic, most of the soil layer is completely unrelated, and its differentiation is not continuous. In the process of urban construction, there are many problems, , There is no uniform law, or even because of human causes a lot of soil inverted phenomenon, such as the new soil layer in the next, the ancient soil layer in the upper case.

1.2 artificial attachment content is high, soil texture degeneration

In cities, human activities such as people's living, construction and industrial production have brought many foreign objects to the city, such as crushed stone, cinder, glass, brick, plastic, domestic waste and industrial wastes. Therefore, the urban soil structure is mostly soil, gravel and garbage mixture, particle composition in the sand and gravel are mostly in some soils, sand and gravel content can be as high as 80% to 90%, clay and fine grain, soil texture Mostly sandy and stone, the texture of coarse, poor water holding capacity is not conducive to the growth of green plants.

1.3 soil porosity is small, bulk density

The urban population is relatively dense, traffic flow and people flow, after constant human trampling and rolling of vehicles, destroyed the structure of the soil itself. Therefore, the structure of urban soil is relatively compact, porosity is small, bulk density. In general, the impact of the flow of soil depth of 3 to 10 cm, soil hardness of l4 ~ 18 kg / cm2; vehicle depth of about 30 to 35 cm, the soil hardness of l0 ~ 70 kg / cm2; Rolling area, the depth can reach more than 1 m, seriously affect the growth of plants.

1.4PH value is high, mainly alkaline

In the city, there are often a lot of bricks, cement and other alkaline waste mixed with the soil, resulting in urban soil PH value increased, mostly alkaline. According to the detection, the soil pH value of the urban area of Nanjing is 5.19 ~ 9.15, almost all alkaline, and some are strong alkaline, while in Nanjing surrounding, the natural soil PH value is 4.51 ~ 7.4, Basic to acid-based. Therefore, the PH value of urban soil is obviously higher than that of natural soil, and the distribution of PH value in different sections of soil is irregular.

1.5 Urban soil nutrients, low fertility

The main elements of nutrient elements in urban soil are waste, rainfall, small amount of biological debris and soil parent material. The input of nutrient element is single, and the main output of nutrient element is leaching loss, oxidation volatilization and plant absorption. Output, low input nutrient cycling patterns, easily lead to plant growth necessary for the low content of elements, lack of fertility.

1.6 urban soil pollution is more serious

Most of the urban soils are sporadic, isolated and distributed in a small area. The metabolism and circulation of the energy and energy are single and slow. They have little biological species, little environmental capacity and little self-purification capacity for pollution. The city is also heavily polluted. Waste, automobile exhaust, life and medical waste, etc. will bring soil pollution. Therefore, the phenomenon of urban soil pollution is more serious, especially heavy metal pollution, its copper, lead content is high.

The influence of urban soil on greening and planting

2.1 The normal growth of plants affected

Urban soil nutrient deficiency, poor ventilation, additional material, material circulation, interference factors, compact structure, serious pollution and other reasons, will directly lead to green vegetative deficiencies, poor growth; and, due to high hardness of urban soil, affecting the Plant root development, and even root death, and then affect the growth of the ground part of the plant.

2.2 The city's landscape is affected

Green plants based on urban landscape will be planted by the growth of different show different images. If the landscape plants grow well, strong development, beautiful shape, leaf color is bright, then the landscape is full of vitality, the landscape is good; if the poor soil conditions due to poor urban landscape plants, plants low, dark leaves , And even leaf coke spent dry, then directly affect the ornamental landscape.

2.3 increase the cost of urban landscape construction and maintenance

The soil of urban soil can not fully meet the growing needs of plants, therefore, in the greening of the soil must be handled, some fill soil, and some will have to fully soil replacement, tree planting, but also for tree holes for soil, and Soil fertilization and disinfection; due to urban soil in the bricks, gravel, plant roots is not easy under the bar, leading to poor stability of trees, easy to lodging, so often need to erect support; and most of the urban road closed, natural precipitation rarely direct Supply of plants, the need for artificial water; the same time, due to low fertility of urban soil, the need for regular artificial fertilizer. All of these will directly increase the cost of construction and maintenance of urban landscaping.

3. Do a good job of urban soil utilization and protection

In order to promote the development of the city, to meet the needs of people's lives, to meet the normal growth of urban garden plants, we must scientifically use and protect the urban soil.

3.1 rational planning of urban land, the full protection of the use of soil resources

If the soil is destroyed by the environment, its restoration and treatment are difficult, resulting in economic growth, is not conducive to plant growth, so the land construction and planning, should be pre-determined green location and protection. For farmland occupied by urban construction, it is necessary to use bulldozers to accumulate and store the fertile soil for greening or to be transported by the greening department before construction. In the initial planning and construction of the city, these factors should be considered, the location of urban greening area to determine the location of the soil to avoid damage is difficult to recover.

3.2 Urban soil monitoring and control

To strengthen the management of urban soil resources, to prevent the construction of the city and the lives of harmful waste mixed with soil pollution caused by soil; do a good job of soil pollution monitoring and control work to control the discharge of waste to promote waste recycling and harmless treatment, Strengthen publicity and education, raise public awareness of soil protection, popularize soil protection knowledge, so that we can more consciously and effectively protect the urban soil.

3.3 Investigation and study of urban soils

Urban soil resource is the basic data of urban green space system planning, which is an important basis for urban greening, so urban soil and human factors have very big influence. Urban soil is a pool of pollutants, to understand the characteristics of urban soil and its pollution, the scientific statistics, in order to better green space system planning, in accordance with different soil cultivation of different varieties of green plants.

3.4 to strengthen the urban soil management and improvement

The use of modern biological and ecological engineering technology, has been polluted or degraded soil reconstruction and ecological restoration, by incorporating leaf mold or mixed with coarse sand and other measures to improve the soil structure, increase permeability, in addition, can also be artificial fertilization , Chemical treatment, covering cultivation and other ways to increase soil fertility, improve soil structure, so that it can be suitable for plant growth.

4. Conclusion

Do the protection of urban soil in the contemporary power, benefit in the future. By strengthening the study of urban soil, to further understand the characteristics of urban soil and improve people's awareness of soil environmental protection, on the one hand can promote the continuous reduction of pollution and destruction of society, on the other hand to strengthen the management of damaged soil for the growth of urban green plants To provide protection, but also for the city people to provide quality living environment.

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